Data Validation controls what users are allowed to type into a cell — preventing bad data before it happens.
A spreadsheet cell showing a dropdown list of allowed values
Data tab → Data Validation → Settings
| Allow | Restricts to |
|---|---|
| Whole number | Integers in a range |
| Decimal | Numbers in a range |
| List | A fixed set of choices (dropdown!) |
| Date | Dates in a range |
| Text length | A max/min length |
| Custom | Any formula returning TRUE/FALSE |
The most popular use — force users to pick from set values:
TODO,IN_PROGRESS,DONE (or point to a range =$H$2:$H$5).| Task | Status ▼ | ← only TODO / IN_PROGRESS / DONE allowed
| Write docs | TODO |
1Allow: Custom
2Formula: =A2 > TODAY() → only future dates accepted
3Formula: =COUNTIF(A:A,A2)=1 → block duplicate entriesBuild dropdowns from an Excel Table column. Because tables auto-expand, new options you add appear in the dropdown automatically — no editing the validation source.